Understanding the Green Card Insurance System

What is the Green Card Insurance System?

The Green Card (International Motor Insurance Certificate) is a document that proves you have the minimum required third-party liability insurance coverage for the countries you plan to visit. Despite its name, the certificate isn't always green anymore—many countries now issue it in white, though the name persists for historical reasons.

The system operates in 48 countries across Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Africa. It was established in 1949 by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and is now managed by the Council of Bureaux, an international organization based in Brussels.

When Do You Need a Green Card?

The necessity of a Green Card depends on your destination and the agreements in place between countries. Here's a breakdown of when you might need one:

Within the European Economic Area (EEA) and Green Card System

Since July 2020, the requirement to carry a physical Green Card when traveling between EEA countries (EU countries plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway) and other participating countries (UK, Switzerland, Serbia, and Andorra) has been removed. Your number plate is now considered sufficient proof of insurance.

However, some important considerations remain:

• While not legally required, many insurance experts still recommend carrying a Green Card as additional proof of insurance, especially when dealing with local authorities who may not be fully aware of the recent changes
• If your trip extends beyond your policy expiration date, you may still need a Green Card
• Some rental car companies may require you to have a Green Card for cross-border travel

When Traveling to Non-EEA Countries Within the Green Card System

When traveling to Green Card System countries outside the EEA agreement, such as Turkey, Russia, Ukraine, or Morocco, you'll still need a physical Green Card. These countries have specific requirements that must be met before entering with a vehicle.

Green Card Requirements for Danish Drivers

If you're a driver from Denmark planning to travel abroad with your vehicle, here's what you need to know about Green Card requirements:

For Danish Vehicles Traveling to EEA Countries

As a Danish driver, your Danish license plate is sufficient evidence of insurance when traveling to:

• Other EU member states
• Iceland, Norway, and Liechtenstein (EEA members)
• Switzerland, Serbia, and Andorra
• The United Kingdom (post-Brexit)

While not legally required, Danish insurance providers like Topdanmark, Tryg, and Codan still recommend having a Green Card as additional proof of coverage when driving in these countries.

For Danish Vehicles Traveling to Non-EEA Green Card Countries

When traveling from Denmark to countries like Turkey, Russia, Morocco, or other non-EEA Green Card System members, you must have a physical Green Card document. Contact your Danish insurance provider at least 2-3 weeks before your trip to ensure you receive the document in time.

For Foreign Vehicles Traveling to Denmark

If you're bringing a foreign vehicle to Denmark:

• Vehicles from EEA countries, Switzerland, Serbia, and Andorra don't need a Green Card; their license plate is sufficient proof of insurance
• Vehicles from other Green Card System countries (like Turkey or Russia) must carry a valid Green Card when entering Denmark
• Vehicles from countries outside the Green Card System must purchase Danish frontier insurance before entering the country

How to Obtain a Green Card

Obtaining a Green Card is a straightforward process for most drivers. Here's how to get one if you're insured in Denmark:

Most Danish insurance companies recommend requesting your Green Card at least 2-3 weeks before your trip, especially during peak travel seasons. However, many insurers can now provide digital versions for immediate download and printing in urgent situations.

What Does a Green Card Cover?

It's crucial to understand that a Green Card is not an insurance policy itself—it's evidence that your existing policy provides the minimum required coverage in the countries listed on the card. Here's what it typically covers:

Standard Coverage

• Third-party liability: Covers damage you cause to other people and their property (vehicles, buildings, etc.)
• Minimum legal requirements: Guarantees you meet the minimum insurance requirements of the countries you're visiting

What's Not Covered

• Damage to your own vehicle: Unless you have comprehensive coverage in your home policy
• Enhanced coverage: Any additional coverage beyond the legal minimums depends on your home policy
• Extended stays: Coverage beyond your policy expiration date

Important Considerations for Cross-Border Travel

When planning to drive across European borders, there are several important factors to consider beyond just having a Green Card:

Coverage Limits May Vary

The minimum required insurance coverage can differ significantly between countries. For example:

• Denmark requires unlimited coverage for personal injuries and approximately €24 million for property damage
• Some Eastern European countries may have much lower minimum requirements

Your insurance will adjust to meet the minimum requirements of each country you visit, but this could mean reduced coverage compared to what you have at home.

Policy Validity Period

Your Green Card is only valid for the duration of your insurance policy. If your policy expires during your trip, you'll need a new Green Card. Some insurers can issue Green Cards that cover multiple policy periods if your renewal falls during your travel dates.

Vehicle Types and Trailers

If you're towing a trailer or caravan, check whether it needs separate coverage. The current Green Card format includes a section for trailers, but requirements vary by country. Some require separate Green Cards for the vehicle and trailer.

Digital vs. Physical Green Cards

While electronic Green Cards are increasingly accepted, not all countries have fully embraced digital documentation. Having a printed copy is always recommended, especially when traveling to countries with less digital infrastructure.

What to Do in Case of an Accident Abroad

If you're involved in an accident while driving in another country, having a Green Card simplifies the claims process. Here's what to do:

1. Ensure safety and call authorities: As with any accident, ensure everyone's safety first and call local emergency services if needed.
2. Document the scene: Take photos of the vehicles, damage, and accident location. Collect contact and insurance information from all parties involved.
3. Complete the European Accident Statement: If possible, fill out the European Accident Statement (also known as the Constat Amiable) with the other driver(s). This standardized form is available in multiple languages and widely recognized across Europe.
4. Contact your insurer: Notify your Danish insurance company as soon as possible. Many have 24/7 emergency assistance lines for accidents abroad.
5. Keep all documentation: Retain copies of all documents, including police reports, medical records, and repair estimates, as these will be needed for your claim.

The Claims Process Across Borders

The Green Card System includes agreements between national insurance bureaus that facilitate cross-border claims. This means that even if you're involved in an accident in Italy with your Danish-insured vehicle, you can typically handle the claim process through your Danish insurer rather than dealing with foreign insurance companies directly.

Recent Changes and Future Developments

The Green Card System continues to evolve to meet changing needs and technologies:

2020 Simplifications

In July 2020, the requirement for physical Green Cards was removed for travel between EEA countries, Switzerland, Serbia, and Andorra. This change has simplified cross-border travel for millions of European drivers.

Brexit Impact

Following Brexit, the UK remained in the Green Card-free circulation area, meaning Danish drivers can still travel to the UK without a Green Card. However, policy requirements and documentation can still change, so it's worth checking before travel.

Digital Transformation

Many countries now accept electronic versions of Green Cards, though having a printed copy is still recommended. The system is gradually moving toward full digitalization, but progress varies by country.

Conclusion

The Green Card System has been facilitating cross-border vehicle travel in Europe and beyond for over 70 years. While recent simplifications mean Danish drivers don't legally need a physical Green Card when traveling to many neighboring countries, understanding the system remains important for anyone planning to drive abroad.

Remember that insurance requirements can change, and individual countries may implement new rules with limited notice. Always check the current requirements for your specific destination countries well before your trip, and ensure your insurance coverage is adequate for international travel.

By being properly informed and prepared, you can ensure that your cross-border driving experience remains smooth and trouble-free, with proper protection in place no matter where your journey takes you.